Alternative title
Liber Capituli Lundensis
Necrologium Lundense
Language
Origin
Lund, Denmark, 12th century, early-16th century, early
Physical description
Format: Non digital + Digital, reformatted digital
- Script: Scripts vary throughout the manuscript: 1) Canutes's deed of gift (ff. 1v-2v ): protogothic documentary script ("gitterskrift"); 2) the Consuetudines, the Memoriale fratrum etc. (ff. 5v-57v ; 83r-183r ): minuscule with protogothic features or Scandinavian early protogothic script; the Aachen rule (ff. 58v-82r ): caroline minuscule. For the identification and dating of the many hands (c. 80 according to Kroman) see Kroman "Oversigt over haenderne i Necrologium Lundense" pp. xix-xxvi and Weibull, pp. xii-cii.
- Collation: 24 quires: I: 4 (ff. 1-4), II: 8 (ff. 5-12), III: 8 (ff. 13-20), IV: 8 (ff. 21-28) V: 8 (ff. 29-36), VI: 8 (ff. 37-44), VII: 8 (ff. 45-52), VIII: 5 (ff. 53-57), IX: 8 (ff. 58-65), X: 8 (ff. 66-73), XI: 18 (ff. 74-91), XII: 8 (ff. 92-99), XIII: 8 (ff. 100-107), XIV: 8 (ff. 108-115), XV: 8 (ff. 116-123), XVI: 8 (ff. 124-131), XVII: 8 (ff. 132-139), XVIII: 8 (ff. 140-147), XIX: (ff. 148-155), XX: 2 (ff. 156-157), XXI: 8 (ff. 158-165), XXII: 8 (ff. 166-173), XXIII: 8 (ff. 174-181), XXIV: 2 (ff. 182-183).One quire is missing between the ninth and thenth quire (after f. 65); one leaf (unwritten?) is missing in the eighth quire (after f. 57); f. 84 is cut: 240 x 110 mm.
- Foliation: Foliated in pencil by modern cataloguer in upper right corner.
Abstract
Notes
Literature
Ciardi, Anna Minara: Lundakanikernas levnadsregler: Aachenregeln och Consuetudines canonicae. Översättning från latinet med inledning och noter. Meddelanden från Kyrkohistoriska arkivet i Lund. Ny följd Lund, 2003. 5.
Ciardi, Anna Minara: Consuetudines Lundenses, lundakanikernas levnadsregel vid 1100-talets början Lund, medeltida kyrkometropol, red. P.-O. Ahrén & A. Jarlert Bibliotheca Historico Ecclesiastica Lundensis Lund, 2004. 47 pp. 105-122.
Ciardi, Anna Minara: När togs lundakanikernas Consuetudines egentligen i bruk? Reflektioner kring texttradering och traditionsförmedling i 1120-talets Lund Kyrkohistorisk Årsskrift 2004. 104 pp. 11-21.
Ciardi, Anna Minara. “Consuetudines Lundenses”, in Medieval Nordic Literature in Latin: a Website of Authors and Anonymous Works (ca 1100–1530), ed. Stephan Borgehammar and Lars Mortensen Boje (2012). Fulltext: http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1776855
Ekström, Per: Lunds domkyrkas äldsta liturgiska böcker. English translatin by Muriel Larsson. Katalog utarbetad vid Lunds universitetsbiblioteks handskriftsavdelning. Lund, 1985.
Gåvobrevet 1085. Föredrag och diskussioner vid Symposium kring Knut den heliges gåvobrev 1085 och den tidiga medeltidens nordiska samhälle. Redaktion: Sten Skansjö, Hans Sundström. (ed.) Lund, 1988.
Johansson, Anna Minara: Hängivna ett liv i Guds tjänst. Ett studium av Aachenregeln och Consuetudines canonicae - lundakanikernas regelverk vid 1100-talets början. English summary. Stencil, Examensarbete, Teologiska inst. vid Lunds univ., VT 2000.
Krron, Sigurd: Knut den heliges gåvobrev av 21 maj 1085: ett antedaterat 1100-talsdokument Det äldsta Lund. Dess ursprung och annat väsentligt Lund, 1994. pp. 39-81 (summary in English: pp. 117-119).
Langebek, J.: Scriptores rerum Danicarum medii aevi, collegit adornavit et publici juris fecit Jacobus Langebek, vol. 3 Hafniae, 1774.
Living words and Luminous Pictures. Medieval book culture in Denmark. 2 voll. Catalogue. Essays. edited by Erik Petersen (ed.) Copenhagen, 1999.
Necrologium Lundense. Codex Mediaevalis VI:tus Bibliothecae Universitatis Lundensis. Danice praefatus, Corpus Codicum Danicorum Medii Aevi, edidit Erik Kroman (ed.) Hafniae, 1960. 1. Necrologium Lundense.
Nielsen, Lauritz: Danmarks Middelalderlige Haandskrifter Köbenhavn, 1937, pp. 32 ff..
Necrologium Lundense. Lunds Domkyrkas Nekrologium. Monumenta Scaniae Historica utgivet av Lauritz Weibull (ed.) Lund, 1923. . Orientierung über das Necrologium Lundense: pp. 157-211.
Wrangel, Ewert: Lunds Domkyrkas Konsthistoria. Förbindelser och stilfränder Lund, 1923. pp. 85-90.
Book binding
Binding: Blind-tooled brown goatskin binding, Denmark, Lund most likely 15th century; restored back and title gilding 19th century. Size: 248 x 165 x 70 mm.
Brown goatskin binding over square edged oak boards. The covering is worn and partly cracked at the joints and with a 19th century recovering of the back. Two metal hook-clasp fastenings at fore-edge, one catch plate of the upper cover and straps missing. Metal guards at fore-edge corners, one guard missing at the upper corner of the upper cover. Flat spine. Tight back with four double raised bands. A gilt title in second compartment, new, and a blind-tooled library paper label in third compartment of the back. Trimmed edges, no square at fore-edge. Parchment pastedowns; on front pastedown there are several notes on the contents of the manuscript and two former shef marks (cfr. above). All along sewing on four double cords laced through the boards. The cords of the lower board cracked at the joint. The first and tenth quire of the textblock has repaired 20th century sewing.
The covers are blind-tooled to a triple line fillets frame with a saltire inside. The manuscript is kept in a drop front box of parchment and paper.
Decor: Two large illuminated and inhabited initials by different artists on ff. 5v and 58v , 15 decorated initials in red, or occasionally blue, ink with leaf ornaments or bordure decoration (ff. 9v , 10r , 11v , 14v , 15v , 17r , 21r , 22r , 40r , 83r , 92r , 93r , 110r , 118v , 119v ) and numerous monocoloured initials in red, blue or green. Generally each different text begins with a decorated initial, but no difference in importance between decorated and plain initials is marked within the texts. The initial (F) on f. 11v combining leaf ornament and bordure decoration stands out as larger. The smaller initials of the Aachen rule are undecorated with the exception of two intials with serifs ending in small lilies (ff. 62v , 66v ). The initials on ff. 5v , 9v , 14v , 17r , 18r , 26r , 89r , 105r , 110r , 112r , 113r , 118r , 123r are clearly overlapping the text, showing that the initials were executed after the text. In the portion of the Aachen rule, no such overlappings are visible, and it can not be determined whether the division of the script on either side of the tail of the initial (Q) on f. 58v is due to a planned composition prior to the text or as a result of the already present tail of the initial, although in general it is more likely that the initial is later than the text. In the Memoriale fratrum each month is headed by a KL monogram in red and blue (ff. 124v , 128v , 132r , 136r , 140r , 144r , 148r , 152r , 158r , 162r , 166r , 170r ). Letter-fillings in second colour (ff. 58r , 66r , 124v , 127v , 148v , 150v , 154r , 156v , 157r , 160v , 162v , 163v , 168r , 169v ) and maniculae (ff. 7v , 8v , 22r , 183v ). Dry-point drawing of a leaf ornament (f. 150v ).
Detailed description:
f. 5v : large inhabited initial (A) of uncial type, 7 lines high in red outline drawing against a blue background delicately following the contours of the initial, except on the right side. The strapped stem ends with interlace on top and an overturned leaf at the bottom. The bow of the letter is constituted by a slender short-winged dragon in profile, biting the stem, by which the lower cheek of the dragon in turn is pierced, its tail ending in a second head from the mouth of which leaves protrude. Foliage, winding from the lower end of the stem, fills the space below the dragon and is pierced through the dragon's neck and through itself in three instances. Small leaves of the white vine stem-type, one large symmetrical three-petalled leaf and three bunches of grapes drawn as a rombic grid with a short stroke in the centre of each compartment, rendering the grapes the shape of hop or pineapple;
f. 9v : red initial (N) with foliated serif;
f. 10r : red initial (T) with foliate decoration;
f. 11v : large red initial (F), 6 lines high except the tail, with leaf ornament and bordure decoration along the outer contour;
f. 14v : red initial (C) with bordure inner filling and palmette ornament;
f. 15v : red initial (N) with leaf ornament;
f. 17r : red initial (T) with leaf ornament;
f. 20r : large red initial (F), 6 lines high, with bordure decoration along contour;
f. 22r : red initial (N) with leaf ornament and double stem and manicula in lower margin;
f. 40r : red initial (Q) with bordure inner contour;
f. 58v : large inhabited initial (Q) in red and brown outline drawing with details in yellow and brown against a blue background. The panelled body of the letter is furnished with two broad bands heightened in yellow and four dotted strips. At the top and the bottom the inner part of the panels continues in loops of white vine stems dividing in smaller intersecting loops and ending in leaves and grapes. The upper loop is inhabited by an eagle, the lower by a lion, their bodies turned left and heads turned back, biting in the foliage. The tail of the letter is dividing the text and designed as a snake with the body decorated with brown and red stars and tied in a knot. Its head with outstreched tongue is turned forward and a collar of loose skin is dragging behind horisontally as if the dragon was shedding it;
f. 62v : red initial (Q) with tail ending in a small lily;
f. 66v : red initial (A) with serif ending in a small lily;
f. 83r : red initial (D) with bordure inner filling and yellow background;
f. 92r : red initial (N) with double stem and leaf ornaments;
f. 93r : red initial (I) with leaf ornament and 7 scraffitoed oblique strokes across the stem;
f. 110r : red initial (Q) with bordure inner contour;
f. 118v : red initial (M) with leaf ornament;
f. 119v : blue initial (A) with leaf ornament.
Style: The two initials are without doubt executed by different artists. The initial (A) on f. 5v is executed by an indigenous artist. It demonstrates typical Scandinavian features as the pierced animal motif found on runic stones and, closer in style, on the earlier Danish golden altar-frontals from Lisbjerg and Broddetorp, as well as in a carved lion on the key stone of the eastern arch of the middle vault in the crypt of Lund Cathedral. Also the grapes depicted as a rombic grid between symmetrical leaves, similar to hop, occur in Danish early 12th century art in different media. Except for the golden altar-frontals mentioned, the motif is especially common in Jutish stone sculpture. (cfr. Dorte Lorentzen Belling, "Gennemstukne dyr", Romanske stenarbejder 2, Moesgård 1984, pp. 155 - 176). The dragon, with its slender body and headed tail, can be compared to the two affronted dragons on the north corbel of the north crypt entrance at Lund cathedral, but without any further affinities. The Scandinavian features have been adopted to the German idiom of intersecting white vine-stem decoration with red details against a blue background, suggesting a Scandinavian artist schooled in a German monastic environment. The initial is perhaps the only surviving example of the highly cultivated lundensian school of book illumination from the 12th century.
The initial (Q) on f. 58v is a fine example of an early but not pioneering stage of the german romanesque white vine-stem initials, with distinct and logically intersecting loops and twigs without being crowded. The leaves are variegated and the three-petalled end-leaves are smaller than in the previous initial, the grapes distinctly shaped as bunches of separate circles. The eagle and the lion are skilfully placed overlapping, and overlapped by, twigs without obscuring the motif. The general appearance of the initial is frequently repeated through the 12th century in all of Germany and Flanders, but the stage of development correspond to decorative traditions in Northern and Northwest Germany from the beginning of the 12th century. Similar features are found mainly in Cologne, Trier, Paderborn and surrounding areas. Wrangel (p. 90) suggested a Cologne origin, but considering the historical circumstances at the time of production of Medeltidshandskrift 6, it is tempting to see connections to the known established association to Helmarshausen, from which two lavishly illuminated Gospel books made for Lund cathedral are preserved (Uppsala, Ms. C 83 & Copenhagen, Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Ms. Thott 21). The somewhat archaic appearance of the script, in the tradition of late salian minuscule, is datable to c. 1100 and can hardly be considered contemporary with the clearly romanesque character of the initial. A tentative interpretation of this, here presumed, discrepancy indicates that the initial is likely to have been executed when the preface to the Aachen rule was added on. f. 58r , probably shortly before 1123. Whereas the script is comparable to some of the hands in Trier, Dombibl. Ms. 138 and 139, made in Helmarshausen c. 1100, the initial is closer to Trier, Dombibl. Ms. 62, dating from the middle of the 12th century. The initials in Trier, Ms. 62 are rather more developed than Medeltidshandskrift 6 though, and certain aspects such as the lion repeating the posture of f. 54v in Trier, Ms. 139, point to a middle position in the development.
Iconography: The two-headed dragon in the white-vine foliage of the first initial is a common motif, not to be specifically related to the following text. In some cases texts by Basilius have been illustrated as a pun with a basilisc. Despite the fact that the dragon in Medeltidshandskrift 6 is two-headed, there is no trace of a cockscomb, defining the animal as a basilisc. The dragon in connection with the vine and grapes, is to be interpreted as the snake (cfr. the greek "drakon") in the garden of Eden. The eagle and lion on f. 58v , interpreted by Wrangel (p. 87) as evangelist symbols, are more probably allegorical representations in general, illustrating aspects of Christ conquering the snake, weakened by the knot.
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Location
Lund University LibraryHelgonabackenBox 3
221 00 Lund
St. Laurentius Digital Manuscript Library
- Shelfmark: Medeltidshandskrift 6
- Previous shelfmark: Bibl. Ant. M.61, N:o 8, Bibl. Ms. H. L. a) 4:o N:o 21
Identifiers (general)
urn:nbn:se:alvin:portal:record-14714 (nbn)
Identifiers (local)
alvin-record:14714 (alvin)
Licensing of the work
Public Domain Mark (No Known Copyright)