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Marion : Tomb 39
(Mixed Material, Collection)
Persons
Sjöqvist, Erik
, 1903-1975
(researcher)
Origin
Marion
, Cyprus, Cypro-Classical II (c. 400-323 BC)
Other years/dates
Excavation date:
Excavated between March and late July, 1929, by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition at the necropolis at Kaparka, Marion.
Acquisition date:
1934
Physical description
Dromos; 486 (length); 130 (width)
(width)
x 266
(depth/thickness)
cm
Stomion; 154
(height/length)
x 73 (length); 61 (width)
(width)
cm
Chamber; 184
(height/length)
x 198 (length); 317 (width)
(width)
cm
The dromos is a rather long staircase shaft widening at the back, with nearly vertical walls, descending by eight steps to a horizontal platform in front of the door. The door has an arched roof, and was closed by a door-packing of roughly cut slabs at the bottom, and undressed stones at the top, which did not seem to be quite in an intact position. The stomion is rectangular in plan, opens on to the chamber somewhat to the right of its longitudinal axis – the recess not included – and descends to the floor of the chamber by an oblique step. The chamber consists of a roughly trapezoidal, central area with an oblique back wall, facing the stomion, and a recess cut in the west side wall. In the back and east sides of this central chamber there are niches cut in the rock wall: two tunnel-shaped niches in the back wall on a level with the floor of the chamber, once closed by rectangular slabs of stone found over-turned in the center of the chamber; two loaf-shaped niches in the east side wall, 0.70 m. above the floor of the chamber; a heart-shaped niche in the north-east corner of the chamber on a level of the floor of the chamber. The floor of the chamber is horizontal and the roof curved. The latter has partly fallen in. the floors of the niches are horizontal, the roofs of the tunnel-shaped niches are nearly flat, those of the other niches are curved.
Format:
Non digital
Abstract
The filling of the dromos consisted of two oblique layers of chavara mixed with gravel at the bottom and a thick top layer of homogeneous chavara. In front of the door the upper layer of homogeneous chavara was disturbed by a shaft dug by tomb-robbers down to the upper part of the door. The filling of this shaft consisted of the same mixture of chavara, ashes, and carbonized matter. However, the tomb-robbers did not break through the door-packing, but stopped their work. The layers in the chamber consisted of the following: 1) Thin top layer of rock debris. 2) Infiltrated dark earth. 3) A silted layer of clay. 4) A white layer of pulverized rock debris. 5) A burial and culture layer at the bottom covered by a wedge-shaped layer of chavara, infiltrated through the door-packing close to the stomion. The stone-slabs which once closed the openings of the niches in the back wall, and were found over-turned in a heap in the center of the chamber, rested on the floor and the top of the bottom layer of culture earth. This is an indication that the contents of these niches had been emptied in ancient times, before the layers of debris was scattered in the chamber, probably soon after the last burial. This is corroborated by the fact that some pottery was found scattered about on approximately the same level, just at the top of the layer of culture earth. This pottery had no doubt been removed from its original place by the tomb-robbers when they searched for the more previous tomb-gifts, and when they left the chamber they placed two amphorae close to the stomion, exactly in the longitudinal axis of the chamber, the one amphora across the mouth of the other, and the lowermost standing just at the level of the top of the culture earth. After leaving the chamber they blocked up the upper part of the door-packing, which they had removed in order to enter the chamber; but in a rougher and less solid manner than its original construction, which is evident from comparing the upper and lower parts of the door-packing. Finally, they offered the contents of the torpedo-pithos to the deceased as an expiration of their robbery, and left the pithos upside down, close to the door-packing near the upper part of it. The shaft which these robbers must have dug in front of the door in order to enter the chamber was not clearly visible in the dromos-filling, and the traces of it must, to a great extent, or altogether, been destroyed by the modern tomb-robbers’ shaft. It is thus evident, that the gold and most treasure-objects of the tomb-gifts were taken away by robbers in ancient times, and that the robbery attempted in modern times was not carried out.
Contents
Scanty remains of bodies were preserved in the niches in the back wall, and in the recess. All the bones were moldered. The tomb-gifts, as stated above, have partly been removed at the visit of the tomb-robbers. In the excavations, they were found accumulated in the north-east part of the chamber.
UAS 1426-1436, 1440-1445, 1463, 1464, 1479, 1480, 1491-1494, 1514, 1515, 1533, 1537-1540, 1542, 1543, 1545. 1546, 1550, 1551, 1571, 2349-2351, 2353, 2354.
Literature
SCE II, Marion 39.
Related records in Alvin
See specifically described parts (43)
Host:
Svenska Cypernexpeditionen : 1927-1931
Host:
Antiksamlingen i Uppsala
Subject, topics
Klassisk arkeologi
(sao)
Arkeologiska samlingar
(sao)
Subject, places
Marion
Location
Museum Gustavianum, historic collections
Akademigatan 3
753 10 Uppsala
Identifiers (general)
urn:nbn:se:alvin:portal:record-144626
(nbn)
Identifiers (local)
alvin-record:144626
(alvin)
Licensing of the work
Public Domain Mark (No Known Copyright)
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http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:alvin:portal:record-144626
Direct link
https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/view.jsf?pid=alvin-record:144626
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